Definition Organic Chemistry

Definition Organic ChemistryDefinition Organic Chemistry is the study of the chemical properties and reactions of substances and reactions that have no defined functions. It is distinguished from the Organic Chemistry. Definitions for these terms can be used in conjunction with any of the two. They all have common properties and components as such they are often used interchangeably.Organic Chemistry is a branch of science that examines the interaction of matter and the environment. This involves study of the properties of various chemical compounds. It can also refer to the materials, that are the result of the metabolism of living organisms. These may include food, energy, waste and many other products.Definition Organic Chemistry can encompass the study of the chemical processes of organic compounds. One of the chief definitions of this discipline is that it considers the properties of chemical bonds in living things that they use to build molecular bonds or molecules, which are a t the basis of chemistry.The other definition of Organic Chemistry involves chemical compounds that exist in nature without any industrial processing techniques. Many of these compounds are now used as solvents, additives to foodstuffs, pesticides, drugs and pharmaceuticals and even weapons.Definition Organic Chemistry can be divided into four branches. Some of these are mentioned above and there are others that do not relate to these but pertain to the structure of chemical compounds. The prefix that is used for these branches refers to the compounds and molecules that are studied.The first one is the Organic Synthesis. Here, molecules are made from inorganic substances and compounds that are already in nature. A similar definition is the Molecular Synthesis. Here, organic molecules are made from basic carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.Definition Organic Chemistry has contributed immensely to the field of modern chemistry and has done wonders to increase understanding of the nature of ma tter and the reactions that it can undergo. It has also changed the way in which we study material chemistry and in particular, the properties of organic molecules.

10 Quotes about Love for your Valentine

10 Quotes about Love for your Valentine The Valentines Day Card Valentine greetings were popular as far back as the Middle Ages, when lovers said or sang their Valentines. Written Valentines began to appear after 1400. The oldest Valentine in existence was made in the 1400s and is in the British Museum. Paper Valentines were exchanged in Europe where they were given in place of valentine gifts. And nowadays this extremely romantic tradition still exists. All of the people in love around the world send their love letters, love texts, love tweets to each other. I have chosen 10 most beautiful quotes i would love to share with you. I hope, these quotes about love will inspire you to sign St. Valentine’s Day postcards for your Valentine. Quote about love #1 You know youre in love when you cant fall asleep because reality is finally better than your dreams. â€"  Dr. Seuss Quote about love #2 There is never a time or place for true love. It happens accidentally, in a heartbeat, in a single flashing, throbbing moment. â€"  Sarah Dessen Quote about love #3 Being deeply loved by someone gives you strength, while loving someone deeply gives you courage. â€" Laozi Quote about love #4 I love you. I am who I am because of you. You are every reason, every hope, and every dream Ive ever had, and no matter what happens to us in the future, everyday we are together is the greatest day of my life. I will always be yours. â€" Nicholas Sparks Quote about love #5 So, I love you because the entire universe conspired to help me find you. â€" Paulo Coelho Quote about love #6 Gravitation is not responsible for people falling in love. Albert Einstein Quote about love #7 Love is composed of a single soul inhabiting two bodies. Aristotle Quote about love #8 A kiss is a lovely trick designed by nature to stop speech when words become superfluous. Ingrid Bergman Quote about love #9 Time you enjoy wasted, is not wasted time. Marthe Troly-Curtin Quote about love #10 And in the end, the love you take is equal to the love you make. Paul McCartney

Record pass rates for Scottish Higher and Standard Grades

Record pass rates for Scottish Higher and Standard Grades Hot on the heels of the news that our primary school children have missed the mark in their English SATs come some happy tidings. Higher and Standard Grade pass rates for Scottish pupils have reached record levels. The Scottish Qualifications Authority (SQA) has confirmed that the pass rate for the 159,901 students sitting Scottish Highers is 74.2% - a 0.8% increase on last year. The pass rate amongst Standard Grade pupils was 98.5%, up from 98% last year. In total, exams for 67 subjects were taken by Higher pupils and there was a slight increase in the number of passes for English: from 68.3% in 2008 to 68.9%. However, the Maths pass rate fell from 71.6% to 69.7%. Pass results for Standard Grade English were unchanged at 98.7%, while the number of Maths passes rose from 98.7% to 99.3%. Just under half of the entries (46%) were awarded a credit level (grades 1 and 2). Predictably, these results have prompted the usual debate about exams getting easier. Is that true? Or are our young people simply reaping the rewards of the hard work they've put into their studies?

4 Ways For Students to Stay Motivated in February

4 Ways For Students to Stay Motivated in February 4 ways to Stay Motivated in February When students come back from winter break, they are often lacking in motivation and struggle to get back on track academically. Students have been focusing on school for several months yet still have months to go before they reach the end of the school year. February also brings colder temperatures often making students tired and uninterested in general. However, there are a few things students can do to stay motivated during the winter months and help them maintain high grades while setting goals for the future dont wait until you fall behind in your classes, book your private Irvine tutor today. 1. Set short-term goals Long-term goals are always helpful but, if students are struggling to work towards something they wont reap the benefits from until next year, its a good idea to set some short-term goals. Rather than getting an A in a particular class, they could focus on getting an A on one particular assignment or improving their grade by 5 or 10 points. Students can also set goals unrelated to grades such as working to improve their intro sentences in English class or memorizing important formulas in math class. Its easier to stay motivated with short-term goals because students can reach them faster and stay positive about their immediate academic situation. 2. Keep an eye on the big picture In addition to viewing things in the short-term, students are encouraged to keep an eye on the big picture. For students in high school, this might be applying to college while for younger students it might be finishing the third grade or adjusting to the middle school environment. Its important for students to see that their immediate actions affect their overall situation and that every effort they make can add positively to their academic future. Many tasks dont have an immediate reward, so its important that either parents or tutors remind students that theyre working towards something great (READ: Irvine Tutor Tips: Improve Your Study Skills This Winter). 3. Get organizational help Another way to help students stay on track in February is to get some organizational help from a one-on-one tutor. Assignments can easily become overwhelming, especially when students are starting all new classes as part of a new semester. If students can sit down with their Orange County tutor and write out a calendar for when assignments are due and work together to figure out about how much time it will take to complete each assignment, school will become less overwhelming. Tutors can also work with students to break up long assignments into smaller parts, making it easier to focus on. 4. Make studying more fun One reason students become apathetic about learning in the middle of the school year is that they see it as only hard work and not much fun. If studying can be a fun social activity students are more likely to participate. Although each student will have challenging topics they need to focus on in an environment with no distractions, many subjects can be studied in a group environment. Working with friends and peers help students stay positive about learning and enjoy a little bit of social time in between. Students can also encourage each other to push through difficult chapters or topics and help each other out based on their strengths and weaknesses. A great way to stay focused during the winter months is to work with a private Irvine academic tutor from TutorNerds. Call us today for more information. All blog entries, with the exception of guest bloggers, are written by Tutor Nerds. Are you an education professional? If so, email us at pr@tutornerds.com for guest blogging and collaborations. We want to make this the best free education resource in SoCal, so feel free to suggest what you would like to see us write.

Use A Peer Tutoring PDF To Help Your Kindergarten Students Learn

Use A Peer Tutoring PDF To Help Your Kindergarten Students LearnLearning by reading works well for children in kindergarten. This is the time when they are still learning how to read and when it is important to help them develop their skills and increase their vocabulary. The best way to do this is through a study guide that shows you step-by-step how to read. A PDF learning guide is the ideal choice for this purpose.One of the reasons for using peer tutoring is to provide children with opportunities to learn how to do something well. This can be as simple as creating a word search and adding the answers to a word search, or as complex as learning how to proofread an essay. Because kids are able to work together in groups, they will enjoy working with others to achieve the common goal. In the case of an essay, they will learn how to find and organize information and format it for the essay to be successful. This can help students in advanced levels of study and can help them to make progress.An online PDF resource is also a good way to show a teacher how to present a subject matter. You can show how to use color codes or different levels of spelling. You can show how to present complicated information to your students in easy to understand terms and you can review what you have shown to them in class to make sure you have covered everything and more.Reading by the age of four can mean a lot to a child. Children who have learned how to read and have taken part in peer tutoring will find that reading by the age of six is important to them. This is the time when they should be learning to read everything, including complex stories, that are presented to them. This can help them to have an ability to comprehend anything and everything, helping them to have a strong foundation to learn about new subjects.An online PDF guide can help students improve their reading skills. Students will be able to make the most of their peers and increase their vocabulary. They will a lso be able to focus on one subject while enjoying the learning process. They will not need to be distracted and make a list of words that they want to work on.Another benefit of using a PDF resource is that they are easy to use and will help you get to know your students better. When you take part in reading by the age of four, you will have a clearer idea of what to expect from them. When you use the right resources, you will be able to see how much they have improved and to what extent.If you find that the materials you have chosen for your kindergarten class are confusing, you might want to use a PDF to give them a clearer understanding of the content. The resource will help you understand what your students have learned and help you to identify where there needs to be improvement. Using the correct resources can really enhance your efforts in helping your students to reach their full potential. When you can give them the tools that they need to develop their capabilities, they will love to learn with you.

Physical Chemistry, 10th Edition - A Good Textbook to Learn Chemistry

Physical Chemistry, 10th Edition - A Good Textbook to Learn ChemistryThere is a strong debate over whether the Physical Chemistry 10th Edition is 'bad'good'. As a matter of fact, people are still debating the same question in the light of the new version of the Biology System, which includes many updates and new content. But the fact is that this is not just another revision of the Physical Chemistry textbooks.On the contrary, this book is considered to be one of the best books in the field of Chemistry. While this is certainly true, it is not just another edition of an old version. The physical chemistry textbook goes back in time to the 1820s and goes to the present day.For those who do not know, the new edition was only recently released. It represents the most recent state of knowledge and incorporates the latest technology that has become available since then. One of the most important features of this book is that it has the power to introduce concepts at any level to the stude nt of chemistry.This helps you grasp things much faster as compared to other textbook or practice problem solutions. It also enables the student to recall the concepts at any level of study in order to complete the problems. Another feature is that the question papers have been revised and extensively reviewed. There is no doubt that these are the major reasons why the physical chemistry 10th edition has been acclaimed by so many students around the world.Even if the new edition does not come with the same power as the previous editions of the textbook, it still provides you with all the vital ingredients that will enable you to be successful in your studies. The introduction of the units in the new edition has also made things more systematic.So, if you are a chemistry student who is looking for an important text, the physical chemistry 10th edition might be the right choice for you. To answer the question whether it is 'bad'good', the answer is really a bit difficult to say.To be more precise, this is like a more advanced and elementary textbook. However, it is certainly more advantageous than the last edition because of the immense coverage of the concepts and their application.

Animal Cell

Animal Cell Animal cell: An animal cell is known as a form of eukaryotic cell that makes up many tissues in animals. Animal cells are distinct from other eukaryotes, most notably plant cells, as they lack cell walls and chloroplasts. They also have smaller vacuoles. Due to the lack of a cell wall, animal cells can adopt a variety of shapes. A phagocytic cell can even engulf other structures. These cells are of eukaryotic origin and their nucleus is double membrane bound. They also have their DNA within the nucleus unlike the case of Prokaryotic cells. Additionally, they consist of membrane bound cell organelles present in the cytoplasm, and certain cellular structures which are required to carry out basic cellular operations. Cell organelles are involved in wide range of cell activities like production of enzymes or hormones in order to generate energy. Anatomy of animal cell Plasma Membrane: It is a thin, selectively permeable membrane which covers the cytoplasm and is involves and cellular transport. Ribosomes: These are large ribonucleoproteins consisting of RNAs and proteins, ubiquitous in all animal cells, which translate the genetic information stored in the messenger RNA into polypeptides. Endoplasmic Reticulum: It is the largest single membrane bound intracellular compartment. It is an extensive network of closed and flattened membrane-bound structure involved in protein synthesis and post translational protein modification. Golgi complex: It is a single membrane bound organelle and part of endomembrane system. It consists of five to eight flattened membrane bound sacs called the cisternae. The Golgi apparatus is often considered the distribution and shipping department for the cells chemical products. Lysosomes: These are membrane enclosed compartments filled with hydrolytic enzymes that are used for the controlled intracellular digestion of macromolecules. They contain 40 different types of hydrolytic enzymes including proteases, glycosidases, lipases, phospholipases, phosphatases and sulfatases. Mitochondria: It is an energy converting organelle which is present virtually in all eukaryotic cells. They are the sites of aerobic respiration. They produce cellular energy in the form of ATP, hence they are called power house of the cell. Peroxisomes: It is a single membrane bound small organelle present in an animal cell. A major oxidative reaction carried out in peroxisomes is the -oxidation. -oxidation in mammalian cells occur both in mitochondria and peroxisomes. Microtubules: These are hollow, cylindrical structure, present in animal cells and play crucial role in the determination of cell shape and cellular motility. Cilia and Flagella: Eukaryotic flagella and motile cilia have a specialized arrangement of microtubules which are remarkably similar in their organization. A flagellum possesses a central bundle of microtubule called the axoneme, in which nine outer doublet microtubules surround a central pair of singlet microtubules (9+2 arrangement). Centriole: It is a barrel shaped polarized structure made up of microtubules. Centrioles are present in most of the animal cells, called MTOC (microtubule-organizing center). They participate in the process of cell division. Nucleus: The nucleus is the controlling center of eukaryotic cell. It contains most of the genetic material of the cell. It further consists of the following parts: Nuclear envelope: It consists of two concentric membranes called the inner and outer nuclear membrane. The outer membrane is continuous with ER. In contrast the inner membrane carries unique proteins that are specific to the nucleus. The nuclear envelope contains nuclear pores for transport of macromolecules between the cytoplasm and nucleus. Nucleolus: It is a non- membrane bound dynamic body which disappears in the late prophase and reappears in the telophase stage of cell division. It consists of rRNA genes in the form of partly condensed chromatin and ribosomal precursor particles. Chromatin and chromosomes: A chromatin is an organized structure of DNA and protein that is found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It contains a single dsDNA in coiled and condensed form. The difference between chromatin and chromosomes is that chromatin is less condensed and extended DNA while chromosomes are highly condensed DNA. The extent of chromatin condensation varies during the life cycle of cells. The light staining, less condensed portions are termed as euchromatin while the darkly stained portions are termed heterochromatin. Animal cell organization: Animal body comprised of trillions of cells. In humans, there are numerous types of animal cells performing different functions. For example, neurons participate in the cell to cell signaling of electrical impulses, red blood cells play role in oxygen transport to various organs and tissues of the body. Different organs have cells specific to their functions like hepatic cells of liver are involved in detoxification while kidney cells are involved in urine filtration.

Private Tutors for Struggling Students

Private Tutors for Struggling Students Private Academic Support Tutorials ChaptersHow Do You Recognise When a Student is Struggling?What Are Schools Doing to Help Students?Academic Support for Improving Students’ GradesAcademic Support: How Can You Make Students Love School?“A problem without a solution is a misstated problem.” - Albert EinsteinIn the UK, 100,000 pupils a year are leaving school without basic qualifications. This doesn't necessarily mean that they're dropping out before school leaving age, it just means that by the time they finish their schooling, they lack 5 GCSEs grades A-C or equivalent. This is an increase of 28% since 2015 and affects almost one in five pupils. Generally, this affects the poorest families the most.Academic support is a way to help struggling students by giving them confidence in their abilities, helping them to improve their grades, and improving their study techniques. CalumDrama School Entrance Teacher 5.00 (15) £50/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors ToriSpanish Teacher 5.00 (1) £15/h1st lesson free !Discover all our tutors OliviaSchool support Teacher 5.00 (2) £21/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors MarkESOL (English) Teacher 4.76 (17) £20/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors YuweiChinese Teacher 4.33 (6) £19/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors JenniferMusic reading Teacher 5.00 (1) £30/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors LouiseAutoCAD Teacher 5.00 (3) £60/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors RickyPercussion Teacher 5.00 (7) £35/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors NicolasGuitar Teacher 5.00 (2) £35/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors MyriamOrganic chemistry Teacher 5.00 (13) £20/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors JonathanEconomics Teacher 5.00 (9) £40/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors Oluwakemi imoleMaths Teacher 5.00 (1) £30/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors AlexPhysics Teacher 5.00 (1) £50/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors AdamSinging Teacher 5.00 (14) £48/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tu tors ValentiniMusic reading Teacher 5.00 (2) £50/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors MilenaMaths Teacher 5.00 (5) £25/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors RashmiEconomics Teacher 5.00 (1) £35/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutorsHow Do You Recognise When a Student is Struggling?Students begin to struggle when they lose interest in a particular subject. Several factors can cause this. Many different factors can cause a child to struggle at school. (Source: Miloslav_Ofukany)Here are a few examples:Peter has just started secondary school and is already struggling. It’s difficult to work out home due to his economic situation. His parents can’t help him much because they’re too busy with work. Bit by bit, Peter starts to feel lost at school. By the time he reaches A Levels, he drops out during his first year.Anna is from is a poor area in London. Her parents have just got divorced and her life has been turned upside-down. She doesn’t understand the courses or the rules at school. Exams don’t work for her and she has to resit her GCSEs. Instead, she decides to leave school.Sarah is gifted but doesn’t know it. At school, she gets bored with classes that are too easy for her and starts to drift apart from her classmates. She struggles to follow rules at school as she doesn’t understand what good school is. Her parents decide to home school her instead.Thom as has health problems that cause him to miss a lot of lessons. The change between primary and secondary school has been tough for him and he’s struggling to catch up with everything he’s missed. He doesn’t like the environment at school and is struggling to make friends. His parents decide to teach him from home.So when can a child be taken out of school?There’s only one answer to this question.Children can be homeschooled until the age of 16.At the age of 16, they can either continue full-time education, start an apprenticeship or traineeship, or spend at least 20 hours a week working or volunteering while doing part-time education or training.Even though falling behind is often linked to bad results at school, struggling students aren’t necessarily failing students. There may be several reasons to take a child out of school.  There are different reasons parents choose to home school their children:The education provided by the parents is betterThe poor quality of the sc hool environmentAn objection to the content on the national curriculumThe level of teaching at schoolsJust because a student is struggling, it doesn’t mean that they’re incapable of learning.  Generally, falling behind is down to losing interest in school.So how can you fix it?Find out more about how often you should get private tutorials.What Are Schools Doing to Help Students?Generally, schools are tasked with ensuring that students don’t fall behind. After all, struggling students cost the country. For many students, school is the reason they’re struggling and it can negatively impact their self-esteem. This problem compounds as they’ll struggle to find work. Students struggling costs society and it takes more than just public policy to deal with it. In short, it’s bad for both the student and the country. A lot of secondary school students skip class because they're not interested in school. (Source: nastya_gepp)EU Policy on Struggling StudentsThe UK is a partner country in the EU’s Education/Social policies and measures for ESL (Early School Leaving). The main goals are to:Reduce ESLImprove education levelsPromote social inclusionThe goal is to get the rate of ESL below the EU target of 10% by 2020.With youth unemployment in the UK 2.5 times higher than that over unemployment generally and the UK needs to improve the quality of vocational training to ensure that young people attain the necessary skills to enter the labour market.Actions Taken by the UKBoth education and youth policy in the UK attempted to improve education through increasing school autonomy and created a discourse of individual aspirations, choice, and responsibility.  However, most of the effort has gone towards improving grades at the higher end of the scale. 18% of pupils in English in 2018 failed to get five Gr ade-C GCSEs or equivalent and 37% of them were on free school meals.The government spends around £100,000 per pupil throughout their 15 years of compulsory education and nearly a fifth are not getting the lowest possible qualifications needed for technical courses, apprenticeships, traineeships, or A Levels.This, in turn, makes it even harder for them to find work.So what can you do to combat the failings of the government?Find out more about the benefits of private tutorials.Academic Support for Improving Students’ GradesAcademic support is useful for students whose grades are slipping or can’t get the grades they want. They might be demotivated or end up giving up entirely on their education. Academic support is tailored to the student and their needs. (Source: Joshua_seajw92)However, academic support can get students back on their feet once they start to struggle at school. There are plenty of subjects of that a private academic support tutor can help you in:MathsEnglishHistoryPhysics, Chemistry, BiologyForeign languages such as French, Italian, German, Spanish, Chinese, Russian, etc.Academic support is available for any subject a student may be struggling with and private tutorials are a great way to help them prepare for their GCSEs, A Levels, or even university courses.Find out more about the cost of academic support.Academic Support: How Can You Make Students Love School?The biggest problem is that pupils don’t like school. While the government attempts to combat absenteeism with fines for unauthorised absences, that doesn’t mean they don’t happen. Academic support can help children to fall back in love with school. (Source: ExplorerBob)Missing school can lead to students’ grades dropping and those who are struggling at school are, in turn, more likely to skip school or not attend.Students who don’t like their teachers or don’t get on with them are also less likely to show up. I’m sure that during your time in school you had subjects that you liked because you liked the teacher and vice versa. For me, it was maths. I disliked maths until I found a great teacher who made me appreciate the subject.Academic support can help students enjoy subjects with a tutor who’s there to help them and takes a different approach to learning.  Talking with a private tutor can also be constructive. Academic support isn’t all about grades but rather making mistakes, learning, and getting better. The student may learn new techniques to help them learn more effectively.Academic support, in addition to improving a child’s grades, can al so help them to enjoy school more and decrease the risk of them struggling.So are you ready to give it a go?No matter what subject you need help with or which skills you want to learn, you can find experienced and talented private tutors on Superprof. Regardless of the subject, there are three main types of private tutorial available: one-on-one tutorials, online tutorials, and group tutorials. Each has its pros and cons and some types work better for certain subjects than others.One-on-one private tutorials are between you and your tutor. The lessons will be tailored to you, your goals, and your learning style. Since this entails a lot of work outside of class from the tutor, you'll probably pay a premium for them. However, with every minute in class spent teaching you, these are also the most cost-effective type of tutorials available.Online tutorials are similar to private tutorials since they are between a single student and tutor but the tutor isn't physically in the room with you and is instead teaching you remotely via a webcam. With fewer expenses and the ability to schedule more tutorials each week, the tutor can charge less per hour and they often do.Finally, group tutorials are when several students are taught in a single class by a private tutor. These students may already know each other or be strangers. You won't have the tutor's undivided attention like in the other types of private tutorials but the cost of the tutorial will be divided amongst all of the students in attendance, making it cheaper per student per hour.Many of the tutors offer free tutoring for the first hour so try a few out and see which type of tutorial and which tutor is best for you.

How to Conjugate French Reflexive Verbs

How to Conjugate French Reflexive Verbs Megan L. Need to brush up on French reflexive verbs ? In this lesson, French tutor  Carol Beth    teaches how to conjugate French reflexive verbs in the present and past tenses French (and many other romance languages) include a category of verbs, called reflexive verbs, that are treated a little differently than in English. Indeed, we have the same concept in English. We might say that we wash our face, we dress ourselves, and so on. That is, we are taking action towards ourselves. In French, this type of action is addressed by reflexive verbs. Common French Reflexive Verbs Here are a few verbs that are very commonly used reflexively: se laver   to wash (oneself) se laver les mains to wash ones hands se coiffer to do (ones) hair se coucher to go to bed se réveiller  to wake up se lever to get up sasseoir to sit (down) sappeler to be called sarrêter to stop (oneself) se taire to be/become quiet Some verbs are usually reflexive; some are only sometimes reflexive, depending on the situation. For example: Je regarde un film. I am watching a film. Je me regarde dans le miroir. I am looking at myself in the mirror. The presence of “myself” in the English translation of the second sentence is a big cue to use the reflexive form of the verb in French. How to Conjugate French Reflexive Verbs Now for their conjugation. The main part of the verb (laver, coiffer, etc.) conjugates much like other French verbs. With the exception of the irregular sassoeir and se taire, all those listed above are regular -er verbs. The reflexive portion (the “se”) conjugates as follows: Je me Tu te Il / elle / on se Nous nous Vous vous Ils / elles se To conjugate a full example in the present tense: Se laver (to wash oneself) Je me lave Tu te laves Il / elle / on se lave Nous nous lavons Vous vous lavez Ils / elles se lavent Lets try a few examples. Try conjugating the verbs in parenthesis in the following sentences: 1) Je _______________ (se brosser) les dents le matin. I brush my teeth in the mornings. 2) La fille _______________ (se coiffer) avant de manger le petit déjeuner. The girl brushes her hair before eating breakfast. 3) Nous _______________ (se lever) à 7h30 du matin. We get up at 7:30 in the morning. 4) Tu _______________ (se réveiller) avant nous. You wake up before us. 5) Vous _______________ (se coucher) à 22h du soir. You go to bed at 10:00 at night. Now check your answers: 1) me brosse 2) se coiffe 3) nous levons 4) te réveilles 5) vous couchez Most other tenses are pretty straightforward, since the same endings still tack themselves onto the end just like other French verbs. French Reflexive Verbs in the Past Tense The tense to watch out for the most is the passé composé. Reflexive verbs always take être (not avoir) as their auxiliary verb. Like verbs of motion, the past participle will agree with the subjects number and gender. The conjugation of être will go between the reflexive particle and the main verb. So se laver would conjugate itself as follows: Je me suis lavé(e) Tu tes lavé(e) Il sest lavé Elle sest lavée On sest lavé Nous nous sommes lavé(e)s Vous vous êtes lavé(e)(s) Ils se sont lavés Elles se sont lavées The optional es and ss following the je, tu, nous, and vous forms depend on the context in which they are used and whether the subject is masculine, feminine, singular, or plural. Lets try a few of these out. Try conjugating the verbs in parenthesis in the passe compose in each of the following sentences: 1) Je _______________ (se brosser) les dents ce matin. I brushed my teeth this morning. 2) La fille _______________ (se coiffer) avant de manger le petit déjeuner. The girl brushed her hair before eating breakfast. 3) Nous _______________ (se lever) à 7h30 hier matin. (Assume the speaker and the friends or family she is including are all women or girls.) We got up at 7:30 yesterday morning. 4) Tu _______________ (se réveiller) avant nous. (You can decide whether you are speaking to a man, woman, boy, or girl.) You woke up before us. 5) Vous _______________ (se coucher) à 22h hier soir. (Assume the speaker is talking to many people, of whom at least one of which is a guy.) You went to bed at 10:00 last night. 6) Le garçon _____________ (se coucher) à vingt-et-une heures. The boy went to bed at 9pm. Now check your answers. 1) me suis brossé 2) sest coiffée 3) nous sommes levées 4) tes réveillé(e) If you decided you were speaking to a man or boy, be sure you didnt add the extra “e.” Make sure you did if you decided you were talking to a woman or girl. 5) vous êtes couchés 6) sest couché If you didnt get them all right this time, dont worry. Either way, keep practicing and using these verbs in context to master them. See even more French verb and grammar lessons here! Do you have any additional tips for memorizing French reflexive verbs? Share them with us in the comments below! Post Author:  Carol Beth L. Carol Beth teaches  French lessons in San Francisco, CA. She has her Masters in French language education from the Sorbonne University in Paris and has been teaching since 2009.  Learn more about Carol Beth here! Interested in Private Lessons? Search thousands of teachers for local and live, online lessons. Sign up for convenient, affordable private lessons today! 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